Formaldehyde is a colorless, strong-smelling chemical that is widely used in manufacturing, construction, healthcare, and cosmetics. While it serves important purposes in industrial and consumer products, formaldehyde is also a known toxic substance with serious health implications. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) have all classified formaldehyde as a human carcinogen.
In this blog, the attorneys at Kherkher Garcia explore the many uses and sources of formaldehyde and how it can harm human health. We also provide insight into what legal rights victims may have if they experience exposure in the workplace or through a consumer product.
What is Formaldehyde and Where is it Used?
Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound (VOC) primarily used to make building materials and household products. It is also a byproduct of combustion and certain other natural processes.
Common Uses of Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is used in:
- Pressed-wood products (like particleboard, plywood, and fiberboard)
- Insulation materials, particularly urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI)
- Glues and adhesives
- Textile finishes to make fabrics wrinkle-resistant
- Disinfectants and germicides
- Preservatives in laboratories, funeral homes, and medical facilities
- Cosmetics and personal care products, such as shampoos, nail polishes, and hair straighteners (sometimes labeled as “formalin” or under other similar ingredients)
Common Ingredients That Release Formaldehyde
In some products, formaldehyde is not directly added but is released over time from other chemicals, including:
- DMDM Hydantoin
- Imidazolidinyl urea
- Diazolidinyl urea
- Quaternium-15
- Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol)
- 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
These ingredients are commonly found in cosmetics, cleaning agents, and industrial products.
Health Hazards of Formaldehyde Exposure
Formaldehyde exposure can occur through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. Even at low levels, it can cause irritation and other short-term health effects. Prolonged or high-level exposure can result in serious illness or death. In fact, the EPA has ruled that the risk of exposure to human health is ‘unreasonable’.
Short-Term Effects
- Eye, nose, and throat irritation
- Coughing and wheezing
- Skin irritation or allergic dermatitis
- Nausea
- Headaches
These symptoms are common in individuals working in poorly ventilated environments with products containing formaldehyde.
Long-Term Health Risks
- Cancer: Formaldehyde is linked to nasopharyngeal cancer, leukemia, and other cancers of the respiratory tract.
- Respiratory issues: Long-term exposure can lead to chronic bronchitis, asthma-like symptoms, and lung damage.
- Reproductive toxicity: Some studies suggest that formaldehyde may impact fertility and cause developmental toxicity in unborn children.
- Neurological effects: Chronic exposure has been associated with mood disorders, memory loss, and cognitive difficulties.
Formaldehyde Poisoning
Severe formaldehyde exposure – especially from ingestion or concentrated occupational exposure – can result in poisoning. Symptoms include:
- Severe burning in the throat and stomach
- Vomiting
- Seizures
- Loss of consciousness
- Organ failure
- Death
Formaldehyde poisoning is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Notable Formaldehyde-Related Lawsuits
There have been several high-profile lawsuits related to formaldehyde exposure, particularly involving consumer products, building materials, and workplace conditions.
FEMA Trailers and Formaldehyde (Post-Katrina Lawsuit)
After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, thousands of FEMA trailers were used to house displaced residents. Many of these trailers were later found to emit dangerously high levels of formaldehyde due to the use of cheap pressed-wood products. Occupants reported severe respiratory issues, headaches, and other symptoms. The resulting lawsuits alleged negligence by manufacturers and suppliers. Several settlements were reached with trailer manufacturers such as Gulf Stream Coach and Forest River, Inc.
Flight Attendant Lawsuits
Several flight attendants have filed lawsuits after experiencing severe health issues allegedly caused by exposure to formaldehyde and other toxic chemicals in aircraft cabins. These lawsuits claim that poor air quality, particularly in planes manufactured or maintained with materials that off-gas formaldehyde, led to symptoms such as chronic respiratory problems, skin irritation, headaches, and neurological issues. Plaintiffs argue that airlines and manufacturers failed to provide safe working conditions and did not adequately warn about the potential dangers of repeated chemical exposure during flights. These cases highlight growing concerns about “aerotoxic syndrome” and cabin air contamination.
Hair Relaxer and Keratin Treatment Lawsuits
Popular hair-straightening products, including some Brazilian Blowout and keratin treatments, were found to release formaldehyde gas during use, especially when heated. Stylists and consumers exposed to these products reported respiratory distress, skin rashes, and eye irritation. Class action lawsuits and individual claims targeted manufacturers for failure to warn and mislabeling products as “formaldehyde-free.”
Lumber Liquidators Flooring
In 2015, Lumber Liquidators faced class action lawsuits after “60 Minutes” revealed that some of its laminate flooring sourced from China emitted unsafe levels of formaldehyde. The lawsuits claimed violations of product safety laws and consumer fraud. The company ultimately agreed to a settlement exceeding $30 million.
Legal Options for Victims of Toxic Exposure
If you or a loved one has suffered health effects from formaldehyde exposure, you may be eligible to file a legal claim. The specific type of legal action will depend on how the exposure occurred—either through consumer products or in the workplace.
Product Liability Claims
Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers have a legal obligation to ensure their products are safe for consumers. When a product contains toxic levels of formaldehyde or fails to warn users of known risks, injured parties may file a product liability lawsuit based on:
- Defective design
- Manufacturing defect
- Failure to warn (marketing defect)
Product liability cases involving formaldehyde may arise from:
- Furniture, flooring, or construction materials used in homes
- Cosmetics or personal care products that release formaldehyde
- Household cleaners and disinfectants
If a product causes injuries due to its formaldehyde content, the injured party may seek compensation for:
- Medical expenses
- Lost income
- Pain and suffering
- Emotional distress
- Wrongful death (in fatal cases)
Workplace Injury Claims
Workers in certain industries – like manufacturing, mortuary science, construction, and cosmetology – face elevated risks of formaldehyde exposure. In many cases, this exposure results from inadequate ventilation, lack of protective equipment, or employer negligence. Depending on the situation, injured workers may have multiple legal remedies:
- Workers’ Compensation: If the injury occurred during the course of employment, workers are usually entitled to medical care, wage replacement, and disability benefits under workers’ compensation laws—regardless of who was at fault.
- Third-Party Lawsuits: If a third party (such as a manufacturer of faulty protective equipment or a supplier of unsafe materials) contributed to the exposure, the injured worker may also pursue a third-party personal injury claim.
- Toxic Tort Lawsuits: If the exposure was especially severe, prolonged, or resulted in permanent injury, workers may have grounds for a toxic tort lawsuit against negligent parties, especially when employers knowingly allowed hazardous exposure.
An experienced workplace injury attorney can evaluate the facts and determine the best course of legal action.
How Kherkher Garcia Can Help Victims
At Kherkher Garcia, our attorneys have extensive experience representing individuals harmed by toxic substances – whether in the workplace, at home, or through everyday consumer products. We understand the complex medical, legal, and scientific issues involved in formaldehyde cases and are committed to fighting for the rights of those affected.
We help victims with:
- Identifying the source of formaldehyde exposure
- Gathering medical records, toxicology reports, and expert testimony
- Filing claims against negligent manufacturers, employers, or third parties
- Negotiating settlements or pursuing litigation
- Recovering full and fair compensation for injuries, lost income, and suffering
If you or a loved one has suffered serious health effects related to formaldehyde exposure, you don’t have to face the legal system alone.
Contact Kherkher Garcia for a Free Consultation
Formaldehyde exposure can result in lifelong health problems or even death. If you’ve been harmed by a dangerous product or toxic work environment, the law may entitle you to compensation for your injuries and losses. Kherkher Garcia is here to help. We offer free, confidential consultations and never charge fees unless we win your case. Call us today at 713-333-1030 to start your free consultation. You can also contact us online.
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